基于煤矿井下不安全行为知识图谱构建方法

付燕; 刘致豪; 叶鸥

doi:10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.2023060014

基于煤矿井下不安全行为知识图谱构建方法

doi: 10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.2023060014

西安科技大学计算机科学与技术学院，陕西西安　710054

基金项目: 中国博士后科学基金项目（2020M673446）。

详细信息

作者简介:
付燕（1972—），女，河南鹤壁人，教授，博士，主要研究方向为计算机图形图像处理技术、科学计算及其可视化技术等，E-mail：942542352@qq.com

通讯作者:
刘致豪（1997—），男，河南商丘人，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为知识图谱，E-mail：2267318289@qq.com。

中图分类号: TD79
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-06-06
- 修回日期: 2024-01-08
- 网络出版日期: 2024-01-31

A method for constructing a knowledge graph of unsafe behaviors in coal mines

College of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China

摘要

摘要: 虽然知识图谱已广泛应用于各个领域，但在煤矿安全方面，尤其在煤矿井下不安全行为方面的研究较少。构建了一种自底向上的煤矿井下不安全行为知识图谱。首先，采用传统机器学习和深度学习算法相结合的方法进行命名实体识别，采用RoBERTa进行词语向量化，采用双向长短时记忆网络（BiLSTM）对向量进行标注，提高网络模型对上下文特征的捕捉能力，通过多层感知机（MLP）解决煤矿井下不安全行为数据集数据量不足的问题，采用条件随机场（CRF）模型解决前面存在的单词关系不识别问题，并捕获全文信息和预测结果。其次，根据语句的结构特点，设计了基于知识“实体−关系−实体”三元组的依存句法树结构，对井下不安全行为领域的知识资源进行知识抽取与表示。最后，构建面向井下不安全行为的知识图谱。实验结果表明：① RoBERTa−BiLSTM−MLP−CRF模型对于导致结果、违反性行为、错误性行为及粗心性行为4类实体类别具有较好的识别效果，其准确率分别为86.7%，80.3%，80.7%，77.4%。② 在相同的数据集下，RoBERTa−BiLSTM−MLP−CRF模型训练的准确率、召回率、F₁值较RoBERTa−BiLSTM−CRF模型分别提高了1.6%，1.5%，1.6%。
- 井下不安全行为 /
- 知识图谱 /
- 依存句法 /
- 命名实体识别 /
- 知识三元组 /
- 知识融合 /
- 知识存储 /
- 词语向量化
Abstract: Although knowledge graphs have been widely applied in various fields, there is relatively little research on coal mine safety, especially in the area of unsafe behavior underground. A bottom-up knowledge graph of unsafe behaviors in coal mines has been constructed. Firstly, a combination of traditional machine learning and deep learning algorithms is used for named entity recognition. RoBERTa is used for word vectorization. The bidirectional long short term memory network (BiLSTM) is used to annotate the vectors, improving the network model's capability to capture contextual features. To solve the problem of insufficient data volume in the dataset of unsafe behaviors in coal mines, a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) is used. The conditional random field (CRF) model is adopted to solve the problem of unrecognized word relationships and capture full-text information and prediction results. Secondly, based on the structural characteristics of the statements, a dependency syntax tree structure based on the knowledge "entity - relationship - entity" triplet is designed to extract and represent knowledge resources in the field of unsafe behavior underground. Finally, a knowledge graph of unsafe behaviors underground is constructed. The experimental results show that the RoBERTa-BiLSTM-MLP-CRF model has good recognition performance for four types of entity categories: results, violating behavior, erroneous behavior, and careless behavior, with accuracy rates of 86.7%, 80.3%, 80.7%, and 77.4%, respectively. ② Under the same dataset, the accuracy, recall, and F₁ value of the RoBERTa-BiLSTM-MLP-CRF model training are improved by 1.6%, 1.5%, and 1.6%, respectively, compared to the RoBERTa-BiLSTM-CRF model.
- unsafe underground behavior /
- knowledge graph /
- dependency syntax /
- named entity recognition /
- knowledge triplet /
- knowledge fusion /
- knowledge storage /
- word vectorization

HTML全文

图 1 基于RoBERTa−BiLSTM−MLP−CRF实体识别过程

Figure 1. RoBERTa-BiLSTM-MLP-CRF based entity recognition

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图 2 RoBERTa模型

Figure 2. RoBERTa model

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图 3 BiLSTM模型

Figure 3. BiLSTM model

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图 4 MLP模型

Figure 4. MLP model

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图 5 线性链CRF模型

Figure 5. Linear chain CRF model

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图 6 RoBERTa−BiLSTM−MLP−CRF模型

Figure 6. RoBERTa-BiLSTM-MLP-CRF model

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图 7 部分煤矿井下不安全行为知识图谱

Figure 7. Knowledge graph of underground unsafe behavior in some underground coal mines

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表 1 实体待预测标签

Table 1. Entity to be predicted labels

实体类型	开始标签	中间或结尾标签
遗忘性行为	B−forget	I−forget
粗心性行为	B−careless	I−careless
错误性行为	B−error	I−error
违反性行为	B−violate	I−violate
关联因素影响性行为	B−factor	I− factor
导致后果	B−cause	I−cause

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表 2 实体相似度计算实例

Table 2. Example of entity similarity calculation

实体1	实体2	S_consine	S_Jarccard
粉尘瓦斯爆炸	粉尘瓦斯事故	0.67	0.50
违章指挥	违章命令	0.67	0.60
不安全动作	不安全行为	0.60	0.43
安全培训	安全训练	0.67	0.60

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表 3 基于Neo4j的知识存储方案

Table 3. Neo4j-based knowledge storage solutions

类型	作用	对象范围
节点	描述知识实体	井下扒车、穿化纤衣入井等
标签	描述知识概念类	违章指挥、违规操作等
边	描述实体关系	包含关系、关联关系等

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表 4 实体类型识别效果

Table 4. Entity type identification effect %

实体类别	P	R	F₁
遗忘性行为	63.5	67.4	65.4
粗心性行为	77.4	84.1	80.6
错误性行为	80.7	83.1	81.9
违反性行为	80.3	83.7	82.0
关联因素影响性行为	73.0	76.0	74.5
导致后果	86.7	90.0	88.3

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表 5 模型对比结果

Table 5. Model contrast results %

模型	P	R	F₁
BiLSTM−CRF	71.2	74.8	73.0
BERT−BiLSTM−CRF	74.9	79.1	77.0
RoBERTa−BiLSTM−CRF	75.6	79.1	77.3
RoBERTa−BiLSTM−MLP−CRF	77.2	80.6	78.9

下载: 导出CSV

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