Research on vertical air leakage law of surface in goaf of shallow coal seams under different seasonal conditions
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摘要: 在采动影响下浅埋煤层综放工作面上覆岩层垮落形成与地表贯通的裂隙，这些裂隙导致的地表垂直漏风对采空区煤自燃有重要影响。为研究不同季节条件下浅埋煤层采空区地表垂直漏风规律，分别在冬、春、夏、秋4个季节利用SF6气体示踪法对陕西陕煤曹家滩矿业有限公司122108工作面进行地表垂直漏风测定，分析了不同季节地表和井下采空区的温度、大气压强及漏风速率变化规律。结果表明：① 冬季工作面地表和井下采空区之间的温差相对较大，最大温差可达37.7 ℃，夏季工作面地表和井下采空区之间的温差相对较小，最小温差仅为0.9 ℃；冬季工作面地表和井下采空区之间的最大气压差达40.37 hPa，夏季工作面地表和井下采空区之间的最大气压差为22.47 hPa；春季和秋季工作面地表和井下采空区之间的温差、气压差则相差不大。② 冬季漏风速率相对较大，平均最大漏风速率达8.364 m/min；夏季漏风速率相对较小，平均最大漏风速率为6.918 m/min；春季与秋季的漏风速率相差不大。③ 距工作面较近时，漏风速率较大。根据地表垂直漏风规律，可采取井下均压、进回风隅角封堵及地表裂隙覆盖等措施，以保证122108工作面安全开采。Abstract: Under the influence of mining, the overlying strata of shallow coal seam fully mechanized top coal caving face collapses and forms cracks that connect with the surface. The vertical air leakage caused by these cracks has a significant impact on the spontaneous combustion of coal in the goaf. In order to study the vertical air leakage law of surface in goaf of shallow coal seam under different seasonal conditions, SF6 gas tracing method is used to measure the vertical air leakage on the 122108 working face of Shaanxi Coal Caojiatan Mining Co., Ltd. in four seasons: winter, spring, summer, and autumn. The temperature, atmospheric pressure, and air leakage rate changes on the surface and underground goaf during different seasons are analyzed. The results show the following points. ① In winter, the temperature difference between the surface of the working face and the underground goaf is relatively large, with a maximum temperature difference of 37.7 ℃. In summer, the temperature difference between the surface of the working face and the underground goaf is relatively small, with a minimum temperature difference of only 0.9 ℃. The maximum pressure difference between the surface of the working face and the underground goaf in winter is 40.37 hPa. The maximum pressure difference between the surface of the working face and the underground goaf in summer is 22.47 hPa. The temperature difference and pressure difference between the surface and underground goaf of the working face in spring and autumn are not significantly different. ② The winter air leakage rate is relatively high, with an average maximum air leakage rate of 8.364 m/min. The air leakage rate in summer is relatively small, with an average maximum air leakage rate of 6.918 m/min. The air leakage rates in spring and autumn are not significantly different. ③ When close to the working face, the air leakage rate is relatively high. According to the vertical air leakage law on the surface, measures such as underground pressure equalization, sealing of inlet and outlet air corners, and surface crack coverage can be taken to ensure the safe mining of 122108 working face.
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图 4 不同季节地表和井下采空区温度
Figure 4. Temperature of surface and underground goaf in different seasons
图 5 不同季节地表和井下采空区大气压强
Figure 5. Pressure of surface and underground goaf in different seasons
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