基于暂态电流导数的煤矿直流配电线路无通道保护

魏朝阳; 段建东

doi:10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.2022120024

基于暂态电流导数的煤矿直流配电线路无通道保护

doi: 10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.2022120024

魏朝阳^1,,
段建东²

1.
陕西能源职业技术学院，陕西咸阳　712000
2.
西安理工大学电气工程学院，陕西西安　710048

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFB0900600）; 国家自然科学基金项目（51507135）；陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目（2014JM7255）。

详细信息

作者简介:
魏朝阳（1993—），男，陕西咸阳人，讲师，硕士，研究方向为煤矿直流配电系统继电保护，E-mail：354026289@qq.com

中图分类号: TD61
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-12-07
- 修回日期: 2023-10-09
- 网络出版日期: 2023-10-24

Non-communication protection of coal mine DC distribution lines based on transient current derivation

WEI Zhaoyang^1
,,
DUAN Jiandong²

1.
Shaanxi Energy Institute, Xianyang 712000, China
2.
School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China

摘要

摘要: 煤矿直流供配电线路故障电流具有幅值大、上升率高的特征，是威胁供电系统安全稳定的重要因素。利用直流配电系统电气特征实现故障识别的方法较少考虑保护设备的实际情况，难以处理设备误差及扰动，不满足继电保护的可靠性要求；而基于电力电子变换器的主动保护方法则较少利用故障电气量信息，仅依靠设备动作特性实现故障切除，往往不能满足继电保护的速动性要求。针对上述问题，提出一种基于暂态电流导数的煤矿直流配电线路无通道保护方案。将直流侧并联电容放电电流的二阶导数作为保护加速判据，若满足加速判据则启动加速动作，若不满足加速判据则按照断路器既定延时动作。故障发生时，电流均指向故障点，则可利用功率流向的变化初步判断故障方向，构成无通道保护，使故障线路两端断路器加速跳开，从而缩短故障切除时间。仿真结果表明，在不同故障发生位置、过渡电阻及故障类型条件下，若加速动作能够有效启动，则基于暂态电流导数的煤矿直流配电线路无通道保护方案可快速切除故障，减少故障时间；若加速动作不能启动，保护方案也能按照既定延时配合实现故障类型和区段的确定并切除故障。
- 煤矿供电 /
- 直流配电线路 /
- 故障识别 /
- 无通道保护 /
- 暂态电流导数 /
- 加速保护 /
- 单极接地故障 /
- 极间故障
Abstract: The fault current of coal mine DC power supply and distribution lines has the features of large amplitude and high rise rate, which is an important factor threatening the safety and stability of the power supply system. The method of using electrical features of DC distribution systems to achieve fault recognition rarely considers the actual situation of protective equipment. It makes it difficult to handle equipment errors and disturbances, and it does not meet the reliability requirements of relay protection. The active protection methods based on power electronic converters rarely utilize fault electrical information and rely solely on equipment action features to achieve fault removal. It often fails to meet the quick action requirements of relay protection. In order to solve the above problems, a non-communication protection scheme for coal mine DC distribution lines based on transient current derivation is proposed. The second derivative of the discharge current of the parallel capacitor on the DC side is used as the protection acceleration criterion. If the acceleration criterion is met, it will start the acceleration action. If the acceleration criterion is not met, it will act according to the established delay of the circuit breaker. When a fault occurs, the current is directed towards the fault point. The change in power flow direction can be used to preliminarily determine the direction of the fault, forming a non-communication protection. It will accelerate the tripping of the circuit breakers at both ends of the fault line, thereby shortening the fault removal time. The simulation results show that under different fault positions, transition resistors, and fault types, if the acceleration action can effectively start, the non-communication protection scheme of coal mine DC distribution lines based on transient current derivation can quickly remove faults and reduce fault time. If the acceleration action cannot be started, the protection scheme can also cooperate with the established delay to determine the fault type and section and remove the fault.
- coal mine power supply /
- DC distribution line /
- fault recognition /
- non-communication protection /
- transient current derivative /
- acceleration protection /
- monopole to earth fault /
- pole to pole fault

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图 1 直流配电系统单极接地故障时的等效电路

Figure 1. Equivalent circuit of DC distribution system with monopole to earth fault

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图 2 直流配电系统极间故障时的等效电路

Figure 2. Equivalent circuit of DC distribution system with pole to pole fault

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图 3 直流配电系统简化电路

Figure 3. Simplified circuit of DC distribution system

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图 4 故障位置与电容放电电流二阶导数的关系

Figure 4. Relationship between fault location and the second derivation of capacitance discharge current

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图 5 双端供电型直流配电线路保护

Figure 5. Double end power supply type DC distribution line protection

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图 6 双端直流配电线路无通道保护原理

Figure 6. The principle of non-communication protection in double end DC distribution network

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图 7 直流配电线路无通道保护流程

Figure 7. Flow of non-communication protection of DC distribution line

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图 8 双端±10 kV直流配电系统仿真模型

Figure 8. Simulation model of dual terminal ±10 kV DC distribution system

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图 9 线路末端极间故障时电容放电电流二阶导数变化曲线

Figure 9. Second derivative variation curves of capacitor discharge current during pole to pole fault at the line end

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图 10 极间故障仿真结果

Figure 10. Simulation results of pole to pole fault

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图 11 线路末端单极接地故障时电容电流二阶导数变化曲线

Figure 11. The second derivative variation curves of capacitor discharge current during monopole to earth fault at the line end

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图 12 单极接地故障仿真结果

Figure 12. Simulation results of monopole to earth fault

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表 1 简化电路参数计算

Table 1. Calculation of simplified circuit parameters

故障类型	R	L	C
极间故障（L−L）	2xr₀+R_f	2xl₀	C₀/2
接地故障（L−G）	xr₀+R_f	xl₀	C₀

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表 2 放电电流的一阶导数与二阶导数差异

Table 2. Difference between the first and the second derivative of discharge current

过渡电阻/Ω	b₁	b₂	b'₁	b'₂
0.5	1.255	1.412	1.219	1.858
1	1.255	1.464	1.199	1.699
3	1.256	1.524	1.114	1.47
5	1.257	1.541	1.021	1.451

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表 3 不同故障类型下的直流线路电流差异

Table 3. Current differences in DC line under different fault types

故障类型	i_p+i_n	\|i_p\|−\|i_n\|
正极接地故障	非0	大于0
负极接地故障	非0	小于0
极间故障	0	0

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表 4 极间故障时各级线路保护加速判据

Table 4. Acceleration criteria for line protection at all levels during pole to pole fault

保护装置	保护加速判据/10⁸
保护装置	原始值的绝对值	整定值
P₄	2.380	2.860
P₃	0.699	0.838

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表 5 单极接地故障时各级线路保护加速判据

Table 5. Acceleration criteria for line protection at all levels during monopole to earth fault

保护装置	保护加速判据/10⁸
保护装置	原始值的绝对值	整定值
P₄	7.21	8.65
P₃	2.43	2.91

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表 6 单级接地故障时的保护动作情况

Table 6. Protection action during monopole to earth fault

过渡电阻/Ω	故障距离/km	加速动作时刻/s		故障切除总时间/ms	故障类型判断结果
过渡电阻/Ω	故障距离/km	P₁	P₂	故障切除总时间/ms	故障类型判断结果
0.2	0.03	1.003	—	3	L−G
	1.50	1.003	—	3
	2.97	—	—	21
	3.03	—	1.003	7
	4.50	—	1.003	7
	5.97	—	—	14
1	0.03	1.003	—	3	L−G
	1.50	1.003	—	3
	2.97	—	—	21
	3.03	—	1.003	7
	4.50	—	1.003	7
	5.97	—	—	14
3	0.03	1.003	—	3	L−G
	1.50	1.003	—	3
	2.97	—	—	21
	3.03	—	1.003	7
	4.50	—	1.003	7
	5.97	—	—	14
5	0.03	1.003	—	3	L−G
	1.50	1.003	—	3
	2.97	—	—	21
	3.03	—	1.003	7
	4.50	—	1.003	7
	5.97	—	—	14

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表 7 极间故障时的保护动作情况

Table 7. Protection action during pole to pole fault

过渡电阻/Ω	故障距离/km	加速动作时刻/s		故障切除总时间/ms	故障类型判断结果
过渡电阻/Ω	故障距离/km	P₁	P₂	故障切除总时间/ms	故障类型判断结果
0.2	0.03	1.003	—	3	L−L
	1.50	1.003	—	3
	2.97	—	—	21
	3.03	—	1.003	7
	4.50	—	1.003	7
	5.97	—	—	14
1	0.03	1.003	—	3	L−L
	1.50	1.003	—	3
	2.97	—	—	21
	3.03	—	1.003	7
	4.50	—	1.003	7
	5.97	—	—	14
3	0.03	1.003	—	3	L−L
	1.50	1.003	—	3
	2.97	—	—	21
	3.03	—	1.003	7
	4.50	—	1.003	7
	5.97	—	—	14
5	0.03	1.003	—	3	L−L
	1.50	1.003	—	3
	2.97	—	—	21
	3.03	—	1.003	7
	4.50	—	1.003	7
	5.97	—	—	14

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