Research on the application of time shifting aeromagnetic method in detecting coal mine burning areas
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摘要: 煤层自燃后导致上覆地层中的矿物质形成磁性矿物，呈现高磁异常特征，为磁法探测火烧区提供了物性前提。航空磁法在煤矿火烧区探测取得了良好效果，但无法有效探测煤层火烧区发展趋势。针对上述问题，在航空磁法的基础上，提出了时移航空磁法，即在一定时间间隔内开展2次航空磁法探测，根据2次航磁反演结果之间的差值，判断煤矿火烧区随时间的变化特征，达到有效探测煤矿火烧区分布范围及发展趋势的目的。为兼顾起伏地区的地形拟合效果和反演计算效率，采用规则与非规则复合网格剖分方法，即在地表起伏的地方采用四面体非规则网格剖分，在地表以下的地方采用六面体规则网格剖分。结果表明，规则与非规则复合网格剖分方法不仅满足起伏地形条件下对反演精度的要求，而且反演计算效率较四面体非规则网格剖分方法提升了近6倍。基于实际地质情况建立了数值模型，并利用无人机和航空光泵磁力仪进行实际测试。数值模拟和实测结果表明，时移航空磁法能够准确探测火烧区分布范围及火烧区随时间变化的发展趋势，可为煤矿开展防灭火工作提供依据。Abstract: The spontaneous combustion of coal seams leads to the formation of magnetic minerals in the overlying strata, exhibiting high magnetic anomaly features, providing a physical prerequisite for the magnetic method to detect the burning area. The aeromagnetic method has achieved good results in detecting coal mine burning areas, but it cannot effectively detect the development trend of coal mine burning areas. In order to solve the above problems, based on the aeromagnetic method method, a time-shifting aeromagnetic method is proposed. It involves conducting two aeromagnetic detections within a certain time interval. Based on the difference between the two aeromagnetic inversion results, the features of the coal mine burning area over time are determined. It achieves the goal of effectively detecting the distribution range and development trend of the coal mine burning area. In order to balance the terrain fitting effect and inversion calculation efficiency in undulating areas, a composite mesh generation method of regular and irregular grids is adopted. The tetrahedral irregular grid generation is used in undulating areas on the surface, and hexahedral regular grid generation is used in areas below the surface. The results show that the regular and irregular composite mesh generation method not only meets the requirements for inversion precision under undulating terrain conditions, but also improves the inversion calculation efficiency by nearly 6 times compared to the tetrahedral irregular mesh generation method. A numerical model is established based on actual geological conditions. The actual testing is conducted using unmanned aerial vehicles and aviation optical pump magnetometers. The numerical simulation and actual measurement results indicate that the time-shifting aeromagnetic method can accurately detect the distribution range of burning areas and the development trend of burning areas over time. It provides a basis for carrying out fire prevention and extinguishing work in coal mines.
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图 3 不同网格剖分方法下反演结果
Figure 3. Inversion results under different grid subdivision methods
图 4 初始模型和燃烧15 d后模型的反演结果
Figure 4. Inversion results of the initial model and the model after 15 days of combustion
图 5 无人机和航空光泵磁力仪
Figure 5. Unmanned aerial vehicle and airborne optical pump magnetometer
图 7 航磁异常位场分离后结果
Figure 7. Aeromagnetic anomaly results after potential field separation
图 9 时移航空磁法探测火烧区结果
Figure 9. Results of time-lapse aeromagnetic detection of burning area
表 1 不同网格剖分方法下反演计算效率对比
Table 1. Comparison of inversion efficiency under different grid subdivision methods
剖分方法 计算时间/h 规则与非规则复合网格剖分 1.3 四面体非规则网格剖分 7.4 
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