Research on fault diagnosis method of ventilation network based on machine learning
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摘要: 机器学习算法通过对已知数据的学习来预测未知数据，现有通风系统故障诊断方法大多针对1种机器学习算法进行研究，无法保证所选算法为最优。针对该问题，对8种机器学习算法进行比较，并选择支持向量机(SVM)、随机森林和神经网络3种算法进行通风网络故障诊断研究。根据矿井通风系统实际布局，按照几何相似、运动相似、动力相似准则构建通风网络管道模型，得到由管道网络分支和管道网络节点组成的通风网络，通过实验获取风量数据，并采用标准化方法对数据进行预处理；通过交叉验证和网格搜索对基于SVM、随机森林、神经网络的通风网络故障诊断模型进行参数寻优。实验及现场测试结果表明，基于SVM、随机森林、神经网络的通风网络故障诊断模型在实验平台测试集上的准确率分别为0.89，0.88和0.95，在煤矿现场测试集上的准确率分别为0.86，0.90和0.96，神经网络模型的故障诊断效果均为最佳。将煤矿现场收集的120组新风量数据输入神经网络模型进行预测，故障诊断准确率达0.98，验证了基于神经网络的通风网络故障诊断模型的可行性和准确性。Abstract: The machine learning algorithm predicts unknown data by learning known data. Most of the existing fault diagnosis methods of ventilation system focus on a machine learning algorithm, which can not guarantee the selected algorithm to be optimal. In order to solve this problem, eight machine learning algorithms are compared, and three algorithms, support vector machine ( SVM), random forest and neural network, are selected to study the fault diagnosis of ventilation network. According to the actual layout of the mine ventilation system, a ventilation network pipeline model is constructed according to the criteria of geometric similarity, motion similarity and dynamic similarity. A ventilation network consisting of pipeline network branches and pipeline network nodes is obtained, and air volume data is obtained through experiments, and the data is preprocessed by a standardized method. Through cross-validation and grid search, the parameters of ventilation network fault diagnosis model based on SVM, random forest and neural network are optimized. The results of experiment and field test show that the accuracy of ventilation network fault diagnosis model based on SVM, random forest and neural network are 0.89, 0.88 and 0.95 respectively on the test set of experimental platform, and 0.86, 0.90 and 0.96 respectively on the test set of coal mine field. The neural network model has the best fault diagnosis effect. 120 sets of fresh air volume data collected in coal mine field are input into neural network model for prediction, and the fault diagnosis accuracy rate reaches 0.98, which verifies the feasibility and accuracy of the ventilation network fault diagnosis model based on neural network.
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Key words:
- mine ventilation /
- fault diagnosis /
- machine learning /
- support vector machine /
- random forest /
- neural network /
- cross-validation /
- grid search
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图 1 基于机器学习的通风网络故障诊断方法流程
Figure 1. Flow of fault diagnosis method of ventilation network based on machine learning
图 2 通风网络故障诊断实验平台
Figure 2. Experimental platform of fault diagnosis of ventilation network
图 6 SVM模型交叉验证平均分数热力图
Figure 6. The heat map of cross-validation average score of SVM model
图 7 随机森林模型交叉验证平均分数热力图
Figure 7. The heat map of cross-validation average score of random forest model
图 8 神经网络模型交叉验证平均分数热力图
Figure 8. The heat map of cross-validation average score of neural network model
图 9 故障诊断模型在各分支上的预测准确率
Figure 9. Prediction accuracy of fault diagnosis model on each branch
表 1 8种机器学习算法比较
Table 1. Comparison of eight machine learning algorithms
机器学习算法 优点 缺点 最近邻 适用于小型低维空间数据集，容易解释 用于大型数据集时表现不佳 线性模型 训练和预测速度快 用于低维空间分类时受限 朴素贝叶斯 适用于不确定性问题 精度低于线性模型 决策树 速度快，不需要进行数据缩放 容易过拟合 随机森林 可降低过拟合，不需要进行数据缩放 用于高维稀疏数据时表现不佳 梯度提升决策树 不需要进行数据缩放 用于高维稀疏数据时表现不佳，且训练速度慢 SVM 用于中等数据集时性能强 需要进行数据缩放，对参数敏感 神经网络 可构建非常复杂的模型，预测能力强 对数据缩放和参数选取敏感 
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表 2 部分风量数据
Table 2. Part of the air volume data
m3/min 序号 故障分支 风量1 风量2 风量3 ··· 风量16 风量17 风量18 1 e8 639.54 634.95 288.16 ··· 259.48 257.34 1315.92 2 e10 672.61 667.72 557.35 ··· 166.60 165.23 1376.53 3 e15 660.15 655.44 229.89 ··· 207.10 205.30 1353.86 4 e16 666.42 661.72 208.44 ··· 187.69 186.16 1365.37 5 e55 655.63 650.81 244.23 ··· 219.92 218.11 1345.45 298 e10 652.34 647.71 226.33 ··· 228.46 226.58 1339.56 299 e15 658.53 653.84 235.05 ··· 211.65 209.91 1350.90 300 e55 660.93 655.31 228.81 ··· 206.05 204.35 1354.46
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表 3 故障诊断模型准确率比较
Table 3. Comparison of accuracy of fault diagnosis models
故障诊断模型 最优参数 准确率 训练集 测试集 SVM C=104
γ=10−10.99 0.89 随机
森林p=15
q=40.96 0.88 神经
网络t=14
α=10−50.96 0.95
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表 4 3种故障诊断模型准确率
Table 4. Accuracy of three fault diagnosis models
故障诊断
模型准确率 训练集 测试集 SVM 0.97 0.86 随机森林 0.93 0.90 神经网络 0.98 0.96
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表 5 故障位置诊断结果统计
Table 5. Statistics of fault location diagnosis results
故障位置 样本
个数正确
个数错误
个数准确率 FC−2−2−001 40 39 1 0.98 FC−2−2−002 40 40 0 1.00 FC−2−2−003 40 39 1 0.98
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