Research progress on monitoring, early warning, and prevention and control technologies for coal-rock-gas composite dynamic disasters
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摘要: 煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害是深部煤炭开采的重大安全隐患,探明其致灾机理、发展监测预警及防控技术是防治关键。提出了煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害防治“四面体”理论,即分别从灾害分类、灾害机理、灾害预警、灾害防控4个层面概述煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害研究进展。总结了以能量释放主体、初始瓦斯压力、载荷条件为主的复合动力灾害类型划分依据;梳理了理论分析尺度和实验室尺度下的复合动力灾害机理研究进展,发现应力路径、微裂纹动态演化和煤岩赋存地质因素临界指标是致灾机理研究的关键;概述了以前期灾害前兆信息判识、中期灾害前兆信息采集、后期灾害一体化监测预警为主线的复合动力灾害监测预警技术研究进展;揭示了复合动力灾害消能减灾一体化防控技术和多尺度分源防控关键技术科学内涵。在此基础上针对两淮矿区灾害特点,提出了深部强动载条件下复合动力灾害智能判识与预警方法和分区协同防控方法。基于当前研究进展,提出了煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害研究亟待解决的问题,助力实现深部煤炭安全、精准、高效开采。
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关键词:
- 煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害 /
- 灾害分类 /
- 致灾机理 /
- 监测预警 /
- 灾害防控
Abstract: Coal-rock-gas composite dynamic disaster is a major safety hazard in deep coal mining. Exploring its disaster mechanism and developing monitoring, early warning, prevention and control technologies are key to prevention and control. Therefore, the 'tetrahedral' theory for the prevention and control of coal-rock-gas composite dynamic disasters is proposed. The theory summarizes the research progress of coal-rock-gas composite dynamic disasters from four levels: disaster classification, disaster mechanism, disaster warning, and disaster prevention and control. The study summarizes the basis for classifying the type of composite dynamic hazard based on the main body of energy release, initial gas pressure, and loading conditions. The study reviews the research progress on composite dynamic disaster mechanisms at both theoretical and laboratory scales. It is found that stress paths, dynamic evolution of microcracks, and critical indicators of geological factors associated with coal and rock occurrence are key to the study of disaster mechanisms. The paper summarizes the research progress of composite dynamic disaster monitoring and early warning technology, with the main focus on early disaster precursor information identification, mid-term disaster precursor information collection, and integrated monitoring and early warning of later disasters. The study reveals the scientific connotation of integrated prevention and control technology for energy dissipation and disaster reduction in composite power disasters, as well as key technologies for multi-scale and multi-source prevention and control. On this basis, based on the features of disasters in the Lianghuai Mining Areas, intelligent identification and warning methods for composite dynamic disasters under deep strong dynamic load conditions and zoning collaborative prevention and control methods are proposed. Finally, based on current research progress, urgent issues in the study of coal-rock-gas composite dynamic disasters are proposed to help achieve safe, precise, and efficient mining of deep coal. -
表 1 煤矿复合动力灾害机理主要研究进展
Table 1. Main research progress of coal mine composite dynamic disaster mechanism
主要作者(发表年份) 主要研究进展 章梦涛等[28](1991) 冲击地压和煤与瓦斯突出统一失稳理论 李铁等[33](2005) 高压瓦斯气体极有可能参与了冲击地压的孕育,建议深部开采应高度重视冲击地压与瓦斯灾害的相关性 陆菜平等[26](2006) 依据能量积聚与耗散理论,提出了煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害的强度弱化机理 王振[37](2010) 以试验研究和理论分析为基础,提出了冲击地压和煤与瓦斯突出在孕育发生和发展等不同阶段的诱发转化条件 蓝航等[23](2010) 量化煤岩固体变形能和瓦斯气体膨胀能,建立了煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害统一能量方程,对深部开采条件下兼具冲击地压和煤与瓦斯突出灾害特征的复合动力灾害过渡类型现象给出了解释 李铁等[38](2011) 研究了“三软”煤层底板冲击地压诱导煤与瓦斯突出的力学机制,建立了准备和激发阶段底板冲击地压诱导煤与瓦斯突出的力学模型 张建国[19](2012) 以平顶山矿区为工程背景,揭示了深井动力灾害多因素耦合统一灾变机理,建立了统一的数学模型 潘一山[27](2016) 将含瓦斯煤视作“气−固”两相复合材料,通过研究灾害发生时煤岩破坏特征和瓦斯演化规律,提出了复合动力灾害的统一失稳判别准则 朱丽媛[18](2016) 基于复合动力灾害统一发生机理建立了数学模型,并给出了定解条件,分析了冲击地压和煤与瓦斯突出的诱发转化
机理尹光志等[17](2017) 通过不同物理力学性质条件下的真三轴试验,指出气体的势能、渗透作功和解吸膨胀能均是复合动力灾害孕育和诱发的助推力量 朱丽媛等[13](2018) 建立了圆形巷道冲击地压、瓦斯突出复合灾害模型,探讨了冲击地压和煤与瓦斯突出的诱导转化机理 王恩元等[39](2019) 通过含瓦斯煤冲击试验,建立了冲击载荷下含瓦斯煤动力学本构方程,揭示了冲击诱导煤体的破坏机制,得到了冲击载荷对原煤瓦斯放散行为的影响 杜锋[11](2019) 建立含瓦斯煤岩组合体损伤与煤中瓦斯渗流耦合失稳诱发煤与瓦斯突出−冲击耦合动力灾害能量判据,揭示了含瓦斯煤岩组合体耦合失稳诱发复合动力灾害的机制 鲁俊[22](2020) 基于能量原理指出深部煤岩瓦斯复合动力灾害发生时,高压气体(瓦斯)主要通过促进裂纹扩展、发育、贯通加剧煤体充分破坏,同时以气体内能膨胀的形式提供动力灾害所需能量,致使煤体抛出 许廷君[4](2023) 建立了基于弹性能“煤体积聚−岩体转移”耦合作用机制的复合动力灾害发生能量判据 -
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