Degradation monitoring and fault diagnosis of mining cables based on current harmonic features
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摘要: 矿用电缆受煤矿恶劣环境影响,容易发生绝缘劣化、护套受损等情况,传统的矿用电缆检测多采用低压脉冲法、局放法等离线诊断方式,操作复杂,准确度低,难以满足现代煤矿生产需求。而现有基于谐波的电缆故障诊断方法存在检测装置笨重、检测精确低、难以在煤矿应用等问题。针对上述问题,提出一种基于电流谐波特征的矿用电缆劣化监测与故障诊断方法。提取电缆中高次谐波含量信息作为故障特征向量,对特征向量进行归一化处理后导入极限梯度提升树(XGBoost)模型,结合已知电缆故障劣化度数据,形成训练样本集,训练XGBoost模型,最后通过构建的XGBoost模型对电缆劣化度进行实时监测和故障诊断。仿真结果表明:针对电缆不同部位提取的高次谐波向量的相对能量有明显不同,表明提取的高次谐波向量可表征电缆不同部位的运行状态;XGBoost模型的拟合优度参数R2高达 0.93,且误差较小。案例分析结果验证了基于电流谐波特征的矿用电缆劣化监测与故障诊断方法可对矿用电缆运行状态及劣化故障进行实时、准确的监测和诊断。Abstract: Mining cables are affected by the harsh environment of coal mines, and are prone to insulation degradation and sheath damage. The traditional offline diagnostic methods such as low-voltage pulse method and partial discharge method are often used for detecting mining cables. The methods are complex to operate and have low accuracy, making it difficult to meet the needs of modern coal mine production. However, the existing harmonic based cable fault diagnosis methods have problems such as bulky detection devices, low detection precision, and difficulty in application in coal mines. In order to solve the above problems, a degradation monitoring and diagnosing method of mining cables based on current harmonic features is proposed. The method extracts high-order harmonic content information in cables as fault feature vectors, normalize the feature vectors, and then import them into extreme gradient boost tree (XGBoost) model. Combined with known cable fault degradation value data, a training sample set is formed to train the XGBoost model. Finally, the method uses the constructed XGBoost model to monitor and diagnose cable degradation in real-time. The simulation results show that the relative energy of the extracted high-order harmonic vectors from different parts of the cable is significantly different. The extracted high-order harmonic vectors can characterize the operating status of different parts of the cable. The goodness of fit parameter R2 of the XGBoost model is as high as 0.93, and the error is small. The case analysis results verify that the degradation monitoring and fault diagnosis method of mining cables based on current harmonic features can provide real-time and accurate monitoring and diagnosis of the operation status and degradation faults of mining cables.
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表 1 矿用电缆劣化状态与高次谐波的关系
Table 1. Relationship between mining power cable degradation state and higher harmonics
电力电
缆部位劣化类型 第一主成分
谐波次数(贡献率)其他主成分
谐波次数(贡献率)累计故障
贡献率/%主体部 绝缘体劣化 初期劣化型 3(41%),5(41%) 4(6%),2(6%) 94 机械性损伤 2(55%) 4(16%),3(9%),5(6%) 86 电气性损伤 5(59%) 3(20%),4(8%),2(6%) 93 自然劣化型 5(52%) 3(28%),4(7%),2(6%) 93 屏蔽层劣化 3(25%) 5(24%),2(23%),4(18%) 90 保护层劣化 2(39%) 4(29%),3(10%),5(7%) 85 连接部 发热 7(53%) 10(15%),9(11%),8(7%),6(5%) 91 污损 8(35%) 7(29%),9(13%),10(11%),6(7%) 95 龟裂 9(33%) 8(25%),7(21%),10(8%),6(5%) 92 变形 10(30%) 7(23%),8(17%),9(15%),6(6%) 91 表 2 部分主体部样本数据
Table 2. Part of the main body sample data
序号 H2 H3 H4 H5 劣化度 绝缘体 屏蔽层 保护层 1 1.8 2.3 1.5 4.9 36.8 61.2 52.2 2 2.4 2.1 1.4 5.3 37.8 54.1 47.7 3 3.8 1.7 1.8 0.9 76.8 31.6 46.2 4 3.4 2.1 1.4 2.4 63.0 49.9 49.9 5 2.0 2.1 1.6 4.9 39.3 58.5 56.4 6 2.9 1.3 1.2 2.3 75.0 43.8 67.6 7 3.0 4.4 1.2 4.2 78.4 84.1 71.2 8 3.0 6.0 1.0 2.1 78.2 95.7 54.0 9 2.8 1.0 1.5 2.5 19.7 16.0 26.1 10 2.8 1.5 1.0 0.5 69.0 41.4 48.7 11 3.0 5.3 0.9 1.9 84.0 94.0 55.7 12 3.0 1.4 1.7 5.9 49.7 42.9 70.2 13 2.8 1.4 1.2 1.6 57.8 39.5 47.9 14 2.4 1.1 1.1 1.9 44.6 38.1 46.8 15 2.9 5.7 0.9 1.5 78.1 95.4 50.6 表 3 部分连接部样本数据
Table 3. Part of the connection part sample data
序号 H7 H8 H9 H10 电缆接头
劣化度1 1.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 82.6 2 1.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 81.3 3 1.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 78.8 4 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 47.7 5 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.4 46.2 6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 49.9 7 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.2 56.4 8 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 67.6 9 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.4 71.2 10 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 54.0 11 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.2 46.1 12 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 46.7 13 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.3 55.7 14 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.3 70.2 15 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.3 47.9 表 4 电缆主体部和连接部预测精度评估参数
Table 4. Prediction accuracy evaluation parameters for cable main body and connection parts
电缆 R2 ${\rm{MSE}}$ ${\rm{MRSE}}$ ${\rm{MAPE}}$ 绝缘层 0.9354 0.001824 0.0422 0.0670 屏蔽层 0.9295 0.000798 0.0282 0.0468 保护层 0.9385 0.001736 0.0412 0.0607 电缆接头 0.9510 0.000959 0.0310 0.0286 表 5 部分高次谐波含有率
Table 5. Part of the high-order harmonic content
序号 H2 H3 H4 H5 H7 H8 H9 H10 时间 1 1.5 1.1 1.2 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 2021−05−18 2 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.1 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 2021−05−18 3 1.6 1.1 1.5 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.3 2021−05−18 4 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.3 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.2 2021−05−18 5 3.8 1.5 1.5 1.2 0.8 0.5 0.2 0.1 2021−05−19 6 2.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 2021−05−19 7 3.8 1.8 1.8 1.2 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.2 2021−05−19 8 3.4 2.1 1.4 1.0 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.3 2021−05−19 9 3.3 2.1 1.6 1.1 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.2 2021−05−19 -
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