灾后救援生命探测仪的现状和发展趋势

郑学召; 杨卓瑞; 郭军; 蔡国斌; 王宝元; 寇智哲; 肖永福; 张小军

doi:10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.18125

灾后救援生命探测仪的现状和发展趋势

doi: 10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.18125

1.
西安科技大学安全科学与工程学院, 陕西西安　710054
2.
西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院, 陕西西安　710054
3.
陕西省煤炭科学研究所有限责任公司, 陕西西安　710001

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（52174197）；陕西省哲学社会科学重大理论与现实问题年度研究项目（2021HZ1130）；陕西省重点研发计划项目（2023-YBSF-101）。

详细信息

作者简介:
郑学召（1977—）,男，新疆焉耆人，教授，博士，研究方向为应急技术与管理、矿山防灭火技术， E-mail：zhengxuezhao@xust.edu

中图分类号: TD77
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-05-02
- 修回日期: 2023-06-15
- 网络出版日期: 2023-06-20

The current status and development trend of post-disaster rescue life detectors

1.
College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054
2.
School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
3.
Shaanxi Coal Science Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710001, China

摘要

摘要: 生命探测仪作为灾后及时救援的一种设备，在定位、探索与搜寻生命体方面发挥着不可替代的作用。分析了目前所使用的生命探测仪即雷达生命探测仪、音频生命探测仪、红外生命探测仪及其他种类生命探测仪的工作原理、技术特点、使用场景及优缺点，并结合实际应用指出上述生命探测仪存在的问题：① 探测技术单一，综合集成化不高。② 探测方式传统、设备智能化程度不足。③ 探测仪零件未统型，设备维修困难。④ 部分生命探测仪体积较大，携带不便，影响救援效率。针对现有的不足和问题，提出生命探测仪的发展趋势：① 提高生命探测仪的集成程度，设计使用采集信息的多源化融合的生命探测装置，使用多种信息源来进行生命信息的获取探测。② 提高生命探测仪的智能化水平，赋予生命探测仪部分自主决策权，降低由于操作人员操作不当导致的生命探测误差。③ 设计模块化的生命探测仪，并制定相关的标准规程，对同种生命探测仪的零件进行统型，降低生命探测仪的维修和保养难度。④ 提高生命探测仪的电路板设计精度，充分利用空间构造，在不缩减生命探测仪功能情况下减小体积，提高便携性。
- 灾后救援 /
- 生命探测仪 /
- 雷达生命探测仪 /
- 音频生命探测仪 /
- 红外生命探测仪 /
- 静电场生命探测仪 /
- 气敏生命探测仪 /
- 多源信息融合
Abstract: As a device for timely rescue after disasters, life detectors play an irreplaceable role in locating, exploring, and searching for living organisms. This paper analyzes the working principles, technical features, usage scenarios, advantages and disadvantages of the currently used life detectors. The detectors include radar life detectors, audio life detectors, infrared life detectors, and other types of life detectors. Combined with practical applications, this paper points out the problems of the above life detectors. ① The detection technology is single and the comprehensive integration is low. ② The detection methods are traditional and equipment intelligence is insufficient. ③ The parts of the detector are not standardized, making equipment maintenance difficult. ④ Some life detectors have a relatively large structure and are inconvenient to carry, which affects rescue efficiency. In response to the existing shortcomings and problems, the development trends of life detectors are proposed. ① It is suggested to improve the integration level of life detectors. It is suggested to design life detection devices that use multi-source fusion to collect information, and use multiple information sources to obtain and detect life information. ② It is suggested to improve the intelligence level of life detectors, give them partial autonomy in decision-making, and reduce errors in life detection caused by improper operation by operators. ③ It is suggested to design modular life detectors and develop relevant standard procedures to standardize the components of the same type of life detector. It will reduce the difficulty of repair and maintenance of life detectors. ④ It is suggested to improve the circuit board design precision of the life detector, fully utilize spatial structure, reduce volume and improve portability without reducing the functionality of the life detector.
- post-disaster rescue /
- life detector /
- radar life detector /
- audio life detector /
- infrared life detector /
- electrostatic field life detector /
- gas sensitive life detector /
- multi-source information fusion

HTML全文

图 1 雷达生命探测仪工作原理

Figure 1. Working principle of the radar life detector

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 音频生命探测仪工作原理

Figure 2. Working principle of the audio life detector

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 红外生命探测仪工作原理

Figure 3. Working principle of the infrared life detector

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 多源信息生命探测仪的融合工作原理

Figure 4. The fusion working principle of multiple information life detector

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 不同种类的生命探测仪的特点对比

Table 1. Characteristics comparison of different types of life detectors

生命探测仪	工作原理	主动/被动式	有/无发射信号源	影响因素	适用场景
雷达生命探测仪	电磁波的反射回波分析	主动式	有	金属物质及介电常数较大的其他物质	被困人员、被困场景金属及高介电常数物质少
音频生命探测仪	声波振动波的接收探测	被动式	无	外界环境的振动影响	外界环境相对安静，无大型器械、车辆等干扰因素
红外生命探测仪	人体辐射热量和环境的差异	被动式	无	温度	环境温度不高，被困人员被困时间短
静电场生命探测仪	静电场相吸相斥原理	被动式	无	救援场所无较强磁场干扰	救援场景较狭窄，仪器不便进入，且救援场所没有较强磁场
气敏生命探测仪	狭小空间内CO₂浓度变化	被动式	无	环境中CO₂浓度	环境密封且无空气流动

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