Optimization design and application of circularly polarized antenna in mine UWB positioning system
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摘要: 天线是矿井UWB定位系统的重要组成部分，为了抑制矿井UWB定位系统接收到多径反射信号，提高矿井UWB定位系统的定位精度，对传统圆极化天线结构进行优化，设计了一种新型右旋圆极化微带天线。先将矩形开槽改为十字开槽，改变电流轨迹，使两正交线性极化电场的相差更接近90°，从而降低轴比，使天线的圆极化纯度更高；再将十字开槽平滑扩展为菱形开槽，达到提高交叉极化电平、抑制正交旋向的效果，使天线实现更高的右旋圆极化纯度。采用HFSS软件对该新型右旋圆极化微带天线进行仿真，仿真结果表明，主辐射方向交叉极化电平＞10.4 dBi，可以达到很好的右旋圆极化效果。新型右旋圆极化微带天线样品的工作频带和回波实测结果同仿真结果基本吻合，说明该新型天线结构易于加工且正常容差内的工艺偏差对天线性能的影响程度相对较小。将制作的新型右旋圆极化微带天线样品用于基于到达相位差的UWB定位系统，并在隧道环境下进行现场测试，测试结果表明，信号到达相位差稳定性有明显改善，对多径效应有明显的抑制效果，可以有效提高UWB定位系统的定位精度。该新型右旋圆极化微带天线具有体积小、质量轻、易于制作等优点。Abstract: The antenna is an important part of the mine UWB positioning system. In order to suppress the multipath reflection signal received by the mine UWB positioning system and improve the positioning precision of the mine UWB positioning system, the traditional circularly polarized antenna structure is optimized. This study designs a new type of right-handed circularly polarized microstrip antenna. Firstly, the rectangular slot is changed to the cross slot. The current trajectory is changed to make the difference between the two orthogonal linearly polarized electric fields closer to 90°. The axial ratio is reduced to make the circularly polarized purity of the antenna higher. Secondly, the cross slot is smoothly expanded into a diamond slot to improve the cross-polarization level and suppress the orthogonal rotation. Therefore, the antenna can achieve higher right-handed circularly polarized purity. The HFSS software is used to simulate the new right-handed circularly polarized microstrip antenna. The simulation results show that the cross-polarization level in the main radiation direction is more than 10.4 dBi, which can achieve good right-handed circularly polarized effect. The measured results of the operating frequency band and echo of the new right-handed circularly polarized microstrip antenna sample are basically consistent with the simulation results. The results indicate that the new antenna structure is easy to be processed and the influence of the process deviation within the normal tolerance on the antenna performance is relatively small. The new right-handed circularly polarized microstrip antenna sample is used for the field test of the UWB positioning system based on the arrival phase difference in the tunnel environment. The test results show that the stability of the arrival phase difference of the signal is significantly improved. The multipath effect is significantly suppressed, which can effectively improve the positioning precision of the UWB positioning system. The new right-handed circularly polarized microstrip antenna has the advantages of small size, light weight and easy fabrication.
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图 1 常用的圆极化微带天线构造方式
Figure 1. Construction mode of commonly used circularly polarized microstrip antenna
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图 2 传统右旋圆极化天线结构
Figure 2. Structure of conventional right-handed circularly polarized antenna
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图 3 传统右旋圆极化天线E面、H面轴比曲线
Figure 3. Axial ratio curves of E-plane and H-plane of conventional right-handed circularly polarized antenna
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图 4 传统右旋圆极化天线E面、H面交叉极化增益方向
Figure 4. Cross-polarization gain direction of E-plane and H-plane of conventional right-handed circularly polarized antenna
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图 6 新型右旋圆极化微带天线结构
Figure 6. Structure of novel right-handed circularly polarized microstrip antenna
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图 7 新型右旋圆极化微带天线和传统右旋圆极化天线E面、H面轴比曲线
Figure 7. Axial ratio curves of E-plane and H-plane of novel right-handed circularly polarized microstrip antenna and conventional right-handed circularly polarized antenna
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图 8 新型右旋圆极化微带天线E面、H面交叉极化增益方向
Figure 8. Cross-polarization gain direction of E-plane and H-plane of novel right-handed circularly polarized microstrip antenna
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图 9 新型右旋圆极化微带天线辐射电场的极化旋转效果
Figure 9. Polarization rotation effect of radiated electric field of novel right-handed circularly polarized microstrip antenna
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图 10 新型右旋圆极化微带天线实物
Figure 10. Material object of novel right-handed circularly polarized microstrip antenna
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图 13 使用传统线极化天线和新型右旋圆极化微带天线时到达相位差对比曲线
Figure 13. Comparison curves of phase difference of arrival when using conventional linearly polarized antenna and novel right-handed circularly polarized microstrip antenna
表 1 新型右旋圆极化微带天线参数
Table 1 Parameters of novel right-handed circularly polarized microstrip antenna
W/
mmL/
mmR/
mma/
mmLa/
mmLb/
mm$ {\varepsilon _{\rm{r}}} $ h1/
mmh2/
mmt1/
μmt2/
μmt3/
μm$ \omega $/
mm32.7 40.6 9.3 3.4 11.2 6.44 4.2 1.58 0.4 26 16 26 0.7 
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