Abstract: In view of problem that it is difficult to add monitored points and output control points with centralized control mode in traditional safety and protection system of explosion-proof diesel locomotive, a new type of safety and protection system of explosion-proof diesel locomotive based on CAN bus and distributed control mode was designed. In the system, intelligent monitoring unit, display, relay control box, bus signal converter and switch signal collection unit are compose of distributed network topology through CAN bus to real-timely monitor each state in running process of the locomotive and input signal by driver, real-timely display certain parameters and make relative control on output of relay according to monitored state and logic relation drafted in advance, so as to ensure safe and stable running of the locomotive. The result of underground industrial test showed that the system meets with design requirement of mine vehicle with reliable electrical performance and low fault rate.