Abstract: Sensing theory of FBG was introduced and applications of FBG sensing technology in preventing and controlling dynamic disaster of coal and rock, mine fire and water were expounded. Sensors based on the sensing theory of FBG can measure physical parameters such as strain, stress, temperature, displacement, pressure by measuring light wavelength, which have advantages of ant-EMI, easy transmiting, accurate measurement, quasi-distributed sensing, etc. It has a wide application prospect in coal mine safety monitoring.