变宽度道路约束下露天无人矿卡编队协同控制研究

Research on cooperative formation control of unmanned mining trucks under variable-width road constraints

  • 摘要: 针对露天矿重载无人矿卡惯性大、转向响应受限及运输道路宽度沿程变化导致轨迹跟踪与编队保持性能下降的问题,提出一种融合微分同胚变换与预瞄反馈的无人矿卡编队协同控制方法。首先,建立考虑非完整约束的矿卡运动学模型,利用正切型微分同胚变换将有限横向安全区域映射至无界空间,并结合道路宽度自适应增益与预瞄航向反馈构造横向控制律。其次,基于相邻矿卡纵向位置误差构造协同控制律,实现编队间距保持,并在横向控制中引入转向角幅值及变化率约束,以表征重载矿卡转向执行机构的响应限制。在此基础上,通过纵、横向误差系统分析讨论所提闭环系统的稳定性特性。最后,在包含直线、连续曲线及道路宽度由20 m收窄至10 m的复合变宽度道路上开展数值仿真,并与固定工作点LQR方法进行对比。结果表明,所提方法能够实现3台无人矿卡稳定编队运行,横向跟踪RMSE和MAE分别为0.0757 m和0.1316 m,较LQR分别降低了69.9%和60.3%,在提高横向跟踪精度的同时增强了对变宽度道路约束的适应能力,为露天矿重载无人运输车辆的协同控制提供一种新的研究思路。

     

    Abstract: To address the degradation in trajectory tracking and formation keeping caused by the high inertia and limited steering response of heavy duty unmanned mining trucks operating on open pit roads with spatially varying widths, a cooperative control method integrating diffeomorphic transformation and preview feedback is proposed. First, a kinematic model subject to nonholonomic constraints is established. A tangent based diffeomorphic transformation is employed to map the finite lateral safety region into an unbounded space, and a lateral control law is developed by integrating road width adaptive gains with preview heading feedback. Second, a cooperative longitudinal control law is constructed from the relative longitudinal position errors between adjacent trucks to maintain the desired formation spacing, while steering angle magnitude and rate constraints are incorporated to account for the physical response limitations of heavy duty steering actuators. The closed loop stability of the proposed method is subsequently analyzed through the longitudinal formation error system and the lateral tracking error system. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted on a composite road consisting of straight sections, continuous curves, and a progressive reduction in road width from 20 m to 10 m. A fixed operating point linear quadratic regulator is adopted as the benchmark controller. The results demonstrate stable cooperative operation of three unmanned mining trucks. The proposed method achieves a lateral tracking RMSE of 0.0757 m and an MAE of 0.1316 m, corresponding to reductions of 69.9% and 60.3%, respectively, relative to the benchmark controller. These results demonstrate that the proposed method improves lateral tracking accuracy and enhances adaptability to spatially varying road constraints, providing a new approach to cooperative control for heavy duty unmanned transport vehicles in open pit mines.

     

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